Психология обучения
№ 01 • 2023
A PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF MODERN EDUCATION
KORCHAZHKINA O.M. Korchazhkina O.M. – Ph.D. in Engineering, Senior Researcher, A.I. Berg Institute of Cybernetics and Educational Informatics of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Informatics and Management”, Moscow
Scientism, techno-chauvinism and chaotization of knowledge
Страницы / Pages: 4-14
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article discusses the reasons for the chaos of modern knowledge. From the standpoint of the relationship between the categories of the rational and the irrational, the concepts of information and knowledge are analyzed. To reduce the risk of the chaos of knowledge it is necessary to counteract the unjustified increase that the role of the rational has in science and technologies, which is expressed out in destructive forms of Scientism and Techno-chauvinism.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
scientism, techno-chauvinism, information, knowledge, chaotic knowledge, VUCA world, the rational, the irrational.
PSYCHOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTSАннотация / Annotation:
The article discusses the reasons for the chaos of modern knowledge. From the standpoint of the relationship between the categories of the rational and the irrational, the concepts of information and knowledge are analyzed. To reduce the risk of the chaos of knowledge it is necessary to counteract the unjustified increase that the role of the rational has in science and technologies, which is expressed out in destructive forms of Scientism and Techno-chauvinism.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
scientism, techno-chauvinism, information, knowledge, chaotic knowledge, VUCA world, the rational, the irrational.
KORNIENKO N.A. Kornienko N.A. – Professor, Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Professor of the Department of Technology of Psychology and Pedagogy of the Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Novosibirsk
Socio-emotional learning of the individual, providing a psycho-emotional state
Страницы / Pages: 15-33
Аннотация / Annotation:
Annotation. An important manifestation of a person’s personality is his emotions. The study conducted by the author is of an educational nature for managing emotions and feelings. The development of the results of the study, the dynamics of assessments of the emotional states of the individual, her experiences in the form of keeping an emotional diary, which contribute to the self-development of the individual, are presented.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
modality, sign, intensity, duration of emotions experienced, indicators of individual and group mood.
Аннотация / Annotation:
Annotation. An important manifestation of a person’s personality is his emotions. The study conducted by the author is of an educational nature for managing emotions and feelings. The development of the results of the study, the dynamics of assessments of the emotional states of the individual, her experiences in the form of keeping an emotional diary, which contribute to the self-development of the individual, are presented.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
modality, sign, intensity, duration of emotions experienced, indicators of individual and group mood.
ZAUTOROVA E.V. Zautorova E.V. – Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Legal Psychology and Pedagogy of the Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia; Professor of the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of the Open University of Economics, Management and Law, Leading Researcher at the Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Corresponding Member of the International Academy of Sciences of Pedagogical Education, Vologda
Development of visual creativity in preschool children in the process of independent artistic activity
Страницы / Pages: 34-40
Аннотация / Annotation:
In this article, an attempt is made to consider the influence of various methods and forms of educational organization on the development of visual creativity of preschool children in the process of independent artistic activity. The use of direct educational activities, subject-developing environment contributes to the development of independence and cognitive interest of children in the field of fine arts, which will have a positive impact on the level of personality development of a preschooler and his preparation for school.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
preschool children, visual activity, creativity, independent artistic activity.
PSYCHOLOGY OF PERSONAL DEVELOPMENTАннотация / Annotation:
In this article, an attempt is made to consider the influence of various methods and forms of educational organization on the development of visual creativity of preschool children in the process of independent artistic activity. The use of direct educational activities, subject-developing environment contributes to the development of independence and cognitive interest of children in the field of fine arts, which will have a positive impact on the level of personality development of a preschooler and his preparation for school.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
preschool children, visual activity, creativity, independent artistic activity.
EFREMOVA O.I. Efremova O.I. – Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Pedagogy and Socio-cultural Development of Personalityof the Taganrog Institute of A.P. Chekhov (Branch) of Rostov State University of Economics
Psychological aspects of health saving in the practice of distance learning of students
Страницы / Pages: 41-52
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article analyzes in comparative terms the implementation of the psychological conditions of health-saving education in contact and distance teaching modes. According to a number of criteria, a somewhat lower level of ensuring positive motivation of students, preventing their fatigue, emotional self-regulation of a teacher in a distance learning format is stated. The actual tasks of improving teaching in the online format are determined.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
health-saving education, distance learning, motivation, fatigue, pedagogical assessment.
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article analyzes in comparative terms the implementation of the psychological conditions of health-saving education in contact and distance teaching modes. According to a number of criteria, a somewhat lower level of ensuring positive motivation of students, preventing their fatigue, emotional self-regulation of a teacher in a distance learning format is stated. The actual tasks of improving teaching in the online format are determined.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
health-saving education, distance learning, motivation, fatigue, pedagogical assessment.
TERESHCHENKO V.V. Tereshchenko V.V. – PhD in Psychology, Associate Professor, Associate Professor at the Department of General Psychology, Smolensk State University, Co-Head of the Department of Psychological Education, Psychology Teachers of the Smolensk Region, Teacher-Psychology, MBOU Smetaninskaya Secondary School, Smolensk Region, Smolensk Region, Smolensk
The use of technologies of the cognitive-behavioral approach in the prevention of negative phenomena in the educational environment of rural school
Страницы / Pages: 53-60
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article presents the experience of using technologies of the cognitive-behavioral approach in the preventive activities of a teacher-psychologist in a rural school. Emphasis is placed on the use of cognitive restructuring, skills training, and social learning to prevent emotional and behavioral development difficulties during adolescence and adolescence. A short version of the case is presented.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
teenager, youth, cognitive-behavioral approach, cognitive restructuring, skills training, rural school.
PSYCHOLOGY OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONАннотация / Annotation:
The article presents the experience of using technologies of the cognitive-behavioral approach in the preventive activities of a teacher-psychologist in a rural school. Emphasis is placed on the use of cognitive restructuring, skills training, and social learning to prevent emotional and behavioral development difficulties during adolescence and adolescence. A short version of the case is presented.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
teenager, youth, cognitive-behavioral approach, cognitive restructuring, skills training, rural school.
KAMALETDINOVA Z.F. Kamaletdinova Z.F. – Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Labor Psychology and Psychological Counseling MGPPU, Moscow
BUTOVSKAYA E.V. Butovskaya E.V. – Senior lecturer of the Department of Labor Psychology and Psychological Counseling of MGPPU, Moscow
The case-study in the training of psychologists-cosultants at universities
Страницы / Pages: 60-70
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article describes the application of the case-study in the course of counseling psychology at universities. The authors describe in details 2 cases from their consulting practice. The algorithm of practical training in the framework of a case-study is demonstrated.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
case-study, algorithm of using the method, strategies of psychological counseling, the vector of the work with a client, the technique of training perseverance, a group discussion.
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article describes the application of the case-study in the course of counseling psychology at universities. The authors describe in details 2 cases from their consulting practice. The algorithm of practical training in the framework of a case-study is demonstrated.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
case-study, algorithm of using the method, strategies of psychological counseling, the vector of the work with a client, the technique of training perseverance, a group discussion.
ELBAEV YU.A. Elbaev Yu.A. – Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Pedagogy, Psychology and Social Work of the Gorno-Altai State University, leading specialist of the Center for Modern Clinical Psychoanalysis, Moscow
PETROV V.E. Petrov V.E. – Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of General and Organizational Psychology of the Institute of Economics and Culture, Associate Professor of the Department of Scientific Foundations extreme psychology of the Moscow State Psychological and Pedagogical University, Moscow
PAKHALKOVA A.A. Pakhalkova A.A. – Senior Lecturer at the Department of Scientific Foundations of Extreme Psychology, Moscow State Psychological and Pedagogical University, Moscow
The dynamics of the development of personal characteristics of future extreme psychologists as a manifestation of professional identity
Страницы / Pages: 71-78
Аннотация / Annotation:
The invariance of the professional and personal development of future psychologists from individual psychological characteristics related to the emotional-volitional and communicative spheres of behavior regulation has been established. It is shown that the peculiarities of training in a military university require cadets to be more assertive in mastering academic disciplines, to be flexible in interaction with teachers or other subjects of the educational process.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
professional identity, development dynamics, professional and personal formation, professionalization.
Аннотация / Annotation:
The invariance of the professional and personal development of future psychologists from individual psychological characteristics related to the emotional-volitional and communicative spheres of behavior regulation has been established. It is shown that the peculiarities of training in a military university require cadets to be more assertive in mastering academic disciplines, to be flexible in interaction with teachers or other subjects of the educational process.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
professional identity, development dynamics, professional and personal formation, professionalization.
GONCHAROVA N.A. Goncharova N.A. – candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, St. Petersburg
Ethnopsychological training of employees of internal affairs bodies in ensuring security
Страницы / Pages: 79-86
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article discusses the effectiveness factors of ethnopsychological training of employees of internal affairs bodies, and the psychological conditions for the formation of professional competencies that ensure public safety. The results of studies of stereotypes related to the characteristics of the cognitive sphere of the personality, the properties of perception and the orientation of the personality are given. Data on the essence of the main directions of ethnopsychological training are summarized.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
ethnopsychological training, autostereotypes and heterostereotypes, tolerance, safety.
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article discusses the effectiveness factors of ethnopsychological training of employees of internal affairs bodies, and the psychological conditions for the formation of professional competencies that ensure public safety. The results of studies of stereotypes related to the characteristics of the cognitive sphere of the personality, the properties of perception and the orientation of the personality are given. Data on the essence of the main directions of ethnopsychological training are summarized.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
ethnopsychological training, autostereotypes and heterostereotypes, tolerance, safety.
SHIPILOV A.I. Shipilov A.I. – Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, ANO VO Open University of Economics, Management and Law, Moscow
KONOSHENKO B.A. Konoshenko B.A. – Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Full member of the International Academy of Management, General Director of Eurotranservice LLC, Moscow
About modern requirements for professional training of taxi drivers
Страницы / Pages: 87-95
Аннотация / Annotation:
The prospects of professional, including psychological training of taxi drivers are presented in the light of the requirements of the new federal law “On the organization of passenger and baggage transportation by passenger taxi in the Russian Federation”. The actual problems of professional training of taxi drivers at the present stage of development of Russian society are revealed. The recommendations on the organization and conduct of this training are substantiated, taking into account the experience of Russian taxi companies.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
the new taxi law, professional training of a taxi driver, psychological training of a taxi driver, corporate culture of a taxi, the basics of the taxi driver profession.
PSYCHOLOGY OF PEDAGOGIC ACTIVITYАннотация / Annotation:
The prospects of professional, including psychological training of taxi drivers are presented in the light of the requirements of the new federal law “On the organization of passenger and baggage transportation by passenger taxi in the Russian Federation”. The actual problems of professional training of taxi drivers at the present stage of development of Russian society are revealed. The recommendations on the organization and conduct of this training are substantiated, taking into account the experience of Russian taxi companies.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
the new taxi law, professional training of a taxi driver, psychological training of a taxi driver, corporate culture of a taxi, the basics of the taxi driver profession.
OSININA T.N. Osinina T.N. – Ph.D. of Psychology, Associate Professor of the Chair of Pedagogy of Primary and Preschool Education, State University of Humanities and Technology, Orekhovo-Zuevo
Familiarity of the educational text as a factor of voluntary reproduction efficiency
Страницы / Pages: 96-103
Аннотация / Annotation:
The results of a long-term longitudinal experiment of the author, devoted to the study of recall of educational texts by schoolchildren, are presented. It is shown that familiarity of the educational text causes more effective reproduction by the number of semantic units directly, in a day and a week; more reduced recall by the number of sentences and words at all stages of the experiment; fewer update errors; more additions after one year and five years.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
memory, voluntary reproduction, reproduction efficiency factors, educational text, familiarity of the educational text.
APPLIED ASPECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ACTIVITYАннотация / Annotation:
The results of a long-term longitudinal experiment of the author, devoted to the study of recall of educational texts by schoolchildren, are presented. It is shown that familiarity of the educational text causes more effective reproduction by the number of semantic units directly, in a day and a week; more reduced recall by the number of sentences and words at all stages of the experiment; fewer update errors; more additions after one year and five years.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
memory, voluntary reproduction, reproduction efficiency factors, educational text, familiarity of the educational text.
KOVALENKO R.K. Kovalenko R.K. – Candidate of Technical Sciences, psychologist of private practice, self-employed citizen, Novosibirsk
ZVONAREVA N.A. Zvonareva N.A. – psychologist of private practice, self-employed citizen, Novosibirsk
Features of the application of test questionnaires in socionics and other typologies of personality
Страницы / Pages: 104-117
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article analyzes the existing test methods and considers the advantages of using models based on the mathematical group theory in test questionnaires. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the authors have created a method for studying tetrachotomies by searching for a correlation between the real scale and the scale obtained by adding the absolute values of the other two scales. And for the first time, statistically significant results of the relationship of socionic features with each other within tetrachotomy were obtained.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
socionics, temperament, tests, questionnaires, psychodiagnostics
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article analyzes the existing test methods and considers the advantages of using models based on the mathematical group theory in test questionnaires. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the authors have created a method for studying tetrachotomies by searching for a correlation between the real scale and the scale obtained by adding the absolute values of the other two scales. And for the first time, statistically significant results of the relationship of socionic features with each other within tetrachotomy were obtained.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
socionics, temperament, tests, questionnaires, psychodiagnostics