Психология обучения
№ 04 • 2021
A PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF MODERN EDUCATION
ANUFRIEV A.F. Anufriev A.F. – Doctor of Psychology, Professor, Professor of the Department of Labor Psychology and Psychological Counseling of the Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology of Moscow State University, Moscow
On the subject of psychodiagnostics as a diagnosis
Страницы / Pages: 4-14
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article presents the results of a critical analysis of two options for defining the subject of psychodiagnostics as a diagnosis, highlights their strengths and weaknesses, obtains important new information for solving the problem of the subject of psychodiagnostics, outlines a range of issues of the problem of the subject of psychodiagnostics that remain unresolved.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
subject of psychodiagnostics, evaluative diagnostic tasks, causal diagnostic tasks, subject of diagnostics, object of diagnostic.
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article presents the results of a critical analysis of two options for defining the subject of psychodiagnostics as a diagnosis, highlights their strengths and weaknesses, obtains important new information for solving the problem of the subject of psychodiagnostics, outlines a range of issues of the problem of the subject of psychodiagnostics that remain unresolved.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
subject of psychodiagnostics, evaluative diagnostic tasks, causal diagnostic tasks, subject of diagnostics, object of diagnostic.
KORCHAZHKINA O.M. Korchazhkina O.M. – Ph.D. in Engineering, Senior Researcher at the Institute of Cybernetics and Educational Informatics of the Russian Academy of Sciences «Informatics and Management», Moscow
The role of the artificial in teaching engineering activities to schoolstudents
Страницы / Pages: 15-25
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article discusses the theoretical aspects of the artificial as a concept, which arise in practical modeling problems when senior schoolchildren from specialized classes study engineering activities. The research has been worked out in the context of the post-non-classical educational paradigm.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
post-non-classical paradigm, the artificial, the natural, engineering activity, interdisciplinarity, engineering education.
PSYCHOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTSАннотация / Annotation:
The article discusses the theoretical aspects of the artificial as a concept, which arise in practical modeling problems when senior schoolchildren from specialized classes study engineering activities. The research has been worked out in the context of the post-non-classical educational paradigm.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
post-non-classical paradigm, the artificial, the natural, engineering activity, interdisciplinarity, engineering education.
SHEMYAKINA E.YU. Shemyakina E.Yu. – Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor, Chair of Communication Technologies and Public Relations St. Petersburg State University of Economics, St. Petersburg
MESYATS V.A. Mesyats V.A. – Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor Leningrad State University named after A.S. Pushkin, St. Petersburg, Pushkin Chair of Advertising and Public Communications, St. Petersburg
Features of motivation and self-assessment of creativity of university students when studying during the COVID-19 pandemic
Страницы / Pages: 26-37
Аннотация / Annotation:
The educational process during the pandemic raised a problem of the impact of the new format on the individual psychological characteristics of students. The learning conditions (traditional, distance) did not affect the self-assessment of creative potential, social creativity and motivation; at the same time, the relationships between internal and external motivation, social creativity and self-assessment of creative potential were revealed. Practical recommendations for maintaining the internal motivation of students are presented.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
educational process at the university, distance learning, creativity, self-assessment of creativity, creative potential, motivation, external and internal motivation, positive and negative motivation, interactive teaching methods, COVID-19 pandemic.
PSYCHOLOGY OF PERSONAL DEVELOPMENTАннотация / Annotation:
The educational process during the pandemic raised a problem of the impact of the new format on the individual psychological characteristics of students. The learning conditions (traditional, distance) did not affect the self-assessment of creative potential, social creativity and motivation; at the same time, the relationships between internal and external motivation, social creativity and self-assessment of creative potential were revealed. Practical recommendations for maintaining the internal motivation of students are presented.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
educational process at the university, distance learning, creativity, self-assessment of creativity, creative potential, motivation, external and internal motivation, positive and negative motivation, interactive teaching methods, COVID-19 pandemic.
KHALIFAEVA O.A. Khalifaeva O.A. – PhD in Psychology, аssociate рrofessor, Head of the Department of General and Cognitive Psychology, Astrakhan State University, Astrakhan
KOLENKOVA N.Y. Kolenkova N.Y. – PhD in Psychology, аssociate рrofessor of the Department of General and Cognitive Psychology, Astrakhan State University, Astrakhan
On the relationship of cognitive-style characteristics of personality and creativity of students of pedagogical directions
Страницы / Pages: 38-50
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the relationship between creativity and cognitive style among students of pedagogical directions. An overview of various aspects of the study of cognitive styles and creativity in Russian and foreign psychology is presented. The relationship between field-independent students and such indicators of creativity as the propensity to take risks and imagination are considered.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
cognitive styles; creativity; field dependence / field independence; curiosity; imagination; risk appetite, complexity.
PSYCHOLOGY OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONАннотация / Annotation:
The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the relationship between creativity and cognitive style among students of pedagogical directions. An overview of various aspects of the study of cognitive styles and creativity in Russian and foreign psychology is presented. The relationship between field-independent students and such indicators of creativity as the propensity to take risks and imagination are considered.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
cognitive styles; creativity; field dependence / field independence; curiosity; imagination; risk appetite, complexity.
CHIZHKOVA M.B. Chizhkova M.B. – Ph.D., Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department “Training Simulation Center” of the Orenburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Orenburg
Peculiarities of adaptation types to educational environment of first-year students medical university
Страницы / Pages: 51-61
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article represents the results of a comparative research of social, didactic, professional and psychological adaptation to the educational environment of a medical university among freshmen with different financial bases of study. The main result of this analysis is distribution of adaptation types among three categories of students: «Disharmonious adaptation» (budget education), «Emotional-conflict adaptation» (employer-sponsored education), «Favorable adaptation» (commercial education).
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
medical university, medical student, educational environment, financial basis of education, social adaptation, didactic adaptation, professional adaptation, psychological adaptation.
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article represents the results of a comparative research of social, didactic, professional and psychological adaptation to the educational environment of a medical university among freshmen with different financial bases of study. The main result of this analysis is distribution of adaptation types among three categories of students: «Disharmonious adaptation» (budget education), «Emotional-conflict adaptation» (employer-sponsored education), «Favorable adaptation» (commercial education).
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
medical university, medical student, educational environment, financial basis of education, social adaptation, didactic adaptation, professional adaptation, psychological adaptation.
PAULKINA D.P. Paulkina D.P. – adjunct of the faculty of training of scientific and pedagogical personnel, Academy of the Federal penitentiary service of Russia, Ryazan
CHEREMISOVA I.V. Cheremisova I.V. – doctor of psychological Sciences, Professor of the Department of General psychology Academy of Federal penitentiary service of Russia, Ryazan
The influence of prognostic competence on the victimological security of the personality of a cadet of educational organizations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia
Страницы / Pages: 62-69
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article is devoted to the problem of ensuring victimological security of the personality of a cadet of educational organizations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. The article considers the relationship between predictive competence and victimological security of a cadet’s personality, as well as measures aimed at developing predictive abilities. It is concluded that the development of predictive competence among cadets will contribute to ensuring their victimological safety.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
cadet, victimological safety, predictive competence, victimization, victim behavior.
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article is devoted to the problem of ensuring victimological security of the personality of a cadet of educational organizations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. The article considers the relationship between predictive competence and victimological security of a cadet’s personality, as well as measures aimed at developing predictive abilities. It is concluded that the development of predictive competence among cadets will contribute to ensuring their victimological safety.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
cadet, victimological safety, predictive competence, victimization, victim behavior.
DUBROVINA L.A. Dubrovina L.A. – Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Social Pedagogy and Psychology of the Vladimir State University named after Alexander Grigoryevich and Nikolai Grigoryevich Stoletov, Vladimir
The activity of G.I. Chelpanov’s psychological laboratory at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries as a model for the organization of project-oriented scientific research of students
Страницы / Pages: 70-77
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article deals with the problem of improving the effectiveness of students’ preparation for professional activity through the organization of project-oriented scientific research. The activity of the first psychological laboratory under the leadership of G.I. Chelpanov is a unique example of professional training of psychology students, including a model for the organization of project-oriented scientific research.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
psychological laboratory, model, project, project method, project-oriented research, research activity.
PSYCHOLOGY OF PEDAGOGIC ACTIVITYАннотация / Annotation:
The article deals with the problem of improving the effectiveness of students’ preparation for professional activity through the organization of project-oriented scientific research. The activity of the first psychological laboratory under the leadership of G.I. Chelpanov is a unique example of professional training of psychology students, including a model for the organization of project-oriented scientific research.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
psychological laboratory, model, project, project method, project-oriented research, research activity.
SECHKO A.V. Sechko A.V. – PhD in Psychology, Associate Professor at the Scientific Foundations of Extreme Psychology Department, Moscow State University of Psychology & Education (MSUPE), Moscow
BYKOVA L.E. Bykova L.E. – a master’s student in Extreme Psychology at the Moscow State University of Psychology & Education (MSUPE), Moscow
Perception of positive reinforcement of educational actions by students with various individual psychological characteristics and its practical significance
Страницы / Pages: 78-89
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article substantiates the importance of positive reinforcement by teachers in the system of students’ learning activity motivation. The author offers tools for assessing positive reinforcement based on theoretical analysis of reinforcement phenomenon. The results of empirical study of positive reinforcement perception by students with different individual psychological features are presented. The practical consequences of the presence of the teacher’s competence of positive reinforcement are shown.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
educator, student, motivation for learning activities, positive reinforcement of learning activities, individual psychological features, practical results.
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATIONАннотация / Annotation:
The article substantiates the importance of positive reinforcement by teachers in the system of students’ learning activity motivation. The author offers tools for assessing positive reinforcement based on theoretical analysis of reinforcement phenomenon. The results of empirical study of positive reinforcement perception by students with different individual psychological features are presented. The practical consequences of the presence of the teacher’s competence of positive reinforcement are shown.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
educator, student, motivation for learning activities, positive reinforcement of learning activities, individual psychological features, practical results.
KRASNOV S.I. Krasnov S.I. – candidate of pedagogical sciences, associate professor, senior researcher at the Scientific and Educational Center for Additional Professional Education of the Institute of Educational Development Strategy of RAO, Moscow
Principles of coordinating positions by team members in pedagogical design
Страницы / Pages: 90-100
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article shows that the effectiveness of the project team’s work is determined by the presence of constant collective reflection, in which there is an understanding of three spaces of joint activity: personal and value – presented as a free community; organizational and activity – represented by functional positions and resource.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
collective reflection, self-determination procedure, rules and norms of activity, atmosphere of criticism, capturing initiatives, positional relations.
APPLIED ASPECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ACTIVITYАннотация / Annotation:
The article shows that the effectiveness of the project team’s work is determined by the presence of constant collective reflection, in which there is an understanding of three spaces of joint activity: personal and value – presented as a free community; organizational and activity – represented by functional positions and resource.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
collective reflection, self-determination procedure, rules and norms of activity, atmosphere of criticism, capturing initiatives, positional relations.
MUKHINA S.N. Mukhina S.N. – candidate of pedagogical sciences, associate professor of the Department of Integrated Safety and Physical Culture of the Academy of Social Management, Moscow
Modern approaches to solving the problem of the ecology of education: prevention of adaptation problems in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in pre-school and pre-school settings
Страницы / Pages: 101-109
Аннотация / Annotation:
The task of increasing the professional competencies of teachers and specialists of preschool educational organizations, Child Development Centers gives an impetus to the realization of the development of new directions for the implementation of the ecology of education, taking into account not only the state of health of children, but their academic success and social level of development.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
hyperactivity, regulatory documents, ecology of education, content of the program of professional development and retraining of specialists.
Аннотация / Annotation:
The task of increasing the professional competencies of teachers and specialists of preschool educational organizations, Child Development Centers gives an impetus to the realization of the development of new directions for the implementation of the ecology of education, taking into account not only the state of health of children, but their academic success and social level of development.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
hyperactivity, regulatory documents, ecology of education, content of the program of professional development and retraining of specialists.
KOSIKOVA L.V. Kosikova L.V. – PhD in Psychology, Associate Professor of Educational Psychology Department Southern Federal University, Academy of Psychology and Educational Science
Life values and career orientations of adolescents with disabilities
Страницы / Pages: 110-116
Аннотация / Annotation:
The results of the study indicate that for adolescents with disabilities, low-value values are career, fame, recreation; a more significant value is service. Adolescents with disabilities have the least pronounced career orientations of “autonomy”, “professional competence” and “integration of lifestyles”.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
career orientations, life values, adolescents with disabilities, professional self-determination.
Аннотация / Annotation:
The results of the study indicate that for adolescents with disabilities, low-value values are career, fame, recreation; a more significant value is service. Adolescents with disabilities have the least pronounced career orientations of “autonomy”, “professional competence” and “integration of lifestyles”.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
career orientations, life values, adolescents with disabilities, professional self-determination.