Психология обучения
№ 07 • 2015
A PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF MODERN EDUCATION
TYUMENEVA JU. Tyumeneva Ju. – Candidate of Psychological sciences, senior researcher, associate professor in Higher School of Economics, Institute of Education
ALEKSANDROVA E. Aleksandrova E. – Master of psychology, junior research fellow in Higher School of Economics, Institute of Education
SHASHKINA M. Shashkina M. – Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, associate profeccor of the Department of Mathematical Analysis at the Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University n.a. V.P. Astafiev
Why are particular PISA items turn out more difficult for Russian schoolchildren than for foreign pupils of the same age: an experimental study
Страницы / Pages: 5-23
Аннотация / Annotation:
Factors connected to the results of PISA on the national level are rather well examined by now. But they are often described too generally and in correlation paradigm only and it is difficult to use the results of such studies in real educational policy. We shifted the accent from explanation of Russian students’ low results in PISA to higher difficulty of several PISA items for Russian students in comparison with students in other countries. When the question was put this way, specific flaws in skills and knowledge of Russian students came in front and became the focus of an experimental study. The results showed that higher difficulty of such items is caused mainly by their elements demanding specific subject knowledge. At the same time the elements that demand only more general cognitive skills in most cases do not cause increase of difficulty. The results show that widespread explanation of PISA results by suggestion that Russian schoolchildren have more problems with complex cognitive skills development in comparison with students in Western countries should be reconsidered.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
PISA, math teaching program, subject knowledge and skills, complex cognitive skills, experiment.
PSYCHOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTSАннотация / Annotation:
Factors connected to the results of PISA on the national level are rather well examined by now. But they are often described too generally and in correlation paradigm only and it is difficult to use the results of such studies in real educational policy. We shifted the accent from explanation of Russian students’ low results in PISA to higher difficulty of several PISA items for Russian students in comparison with students in other countries. When the question was put this way, specific flaws in skills and knowledge of Russian students came in front and became the focus of an experimental study. The results showed that higher difficulty of such items is caused mainly by their elements demanding specific subject knowledge. At the same time the elements that demand only more general cognitive skills in most cases do not cause increase of difficulty. The results show that widespread explanation of PISA results by suggestion that Russian schoolchildren have more problems with complex cognitive skills development in comparison with students in Western countries should be reconsidered.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
PISA, math teaching program, subject knowledge and skills, complex cognitive skills, experiment.
SMAGINA S.S. Smagina S.S. – the candidate of psychological sciences, the senior lecturer of chair of psychology of the Kemerovo State University
KANINA N.A. Kanina N.A. – the candidate of psychological sciences, the senior lecturer of chair of social psychology and psychosocial technologies of the Kemerovo State University
The ontogenesis of consciousness on the early stages of life
Страницы / Pages: 24-34
Аннотация / Annotation:
This article is devoted to generalization of theoretical and experimental data of children’s consciousness studies on the early stages of ontogenesis. The views on the content, structure and development of the consciousness, the category of ordinary and imaginary reality, fundamental structures of the consciousness (presentation of a mental object, space, time and causality) are given. The specific character of their formation and development in children’s mind is described considering the experimental data accumulated.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
Аннотация / Annotation:
This article is devoted to generalization of theoretical and experimental data of children’s consciousness studies on the early stages of ontogenesis. The views on the content, structure and development of the consciousness, the category of ordinary and imaginary reality, fundamental structures of the consciousness (presentation of a mental object, space, time and causality) are given. The specific character of their formation and development in children’s mind is described considering the experimental data accumulated.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
SEMENOVA T.S. Semenova T.S. – PhD in Psychology, associate professor of Penza State University
PSYCHOLOGICAL READINESS FOR SCHOOL AND LEARNING AS FACTORS OF SUCCESSFUL TEACHING OF THE FIRST GRADERS
Страницы / Pages: 35-51
Аннотация / Annotation:
The author examines the educational cooperation of the teacher and the child from the child’s side and answers the question, what qualities of the child ensure the success of learning. The author spent many years diagnosis the readiness of children to learn and compare it with the success of learning in the first grade. He identified factors for successful learning, which belong to the children, using a method of correlation.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
psychological readiness for learning, adaptation to school, the dynamics of learning readiness, learning, academic performance.
PSYCHOLOGY OF PERSONAL DEVELOPMENTАннотация / Annotation:
The author examines the educational cooperation of the teacher and the child from the child’s side and answers the question, what qualities of the child ensure the success of learning. The author spent many years diagnosis the readiness of children to learn and compare it with the success of learning in the first grade. He identified factors for successful learning, which belong to the children, using a method of correlation.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
psychological readiness for learning, adaptation to school, the dynamics of learning readiness, learning, academic performance.
TERESHCHENKO V.V. Tereshchenko V.V. – Ph.D.in Psychology, Associate Professor of the Department of General Psychology of Psychological and Pedagogic Faculty FGBOU VPO «Smolensk State University», educational psychologist MBOU from school № 3
CHUB I.M. Chub I.M. – Bachelor of Pedagogy in the profile «Practical Psychology in Education»
PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF FORMATION OF READINESS FOR A CONSCIOUS CHOICE OF FURTURE PROFESSION AT SENIOR PUPILS DURING ADOLESCENCE
Страницы / Pages: 52-60
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article describes the psychological conditions of formation of readiness to make a conscious choice of profession seniors. Proved that the assumptions of psychological readiness for conscious choice of future profession schoolchildren are individual characteristics and personality traits: the meaningfulness of life, purpose in decision-making, autonomy, support in decision-making itself, the activity personality, emotional and value attitude to the issue of choice of professions.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
senior, personal development, maturation and readiness to choice of profession, the meaningfulness of life, the activity of the individual, career- oriented training.
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article describes the psychological conditions of formation of readiness to make a conscious choice of profession seniors. Proved that the assumptions of psychological readiness for conscious choice of future profession schoolchildren are individual characteristics and personality traits: the meaningfulness of life, purpose in decision-making, autonomy, support in decision-making itself, the activity personality, emotional and value attitude to the issue of choice of professions.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
senior, personal development, maturation and readiness to choice of profession, the meaningfulness of life, the activity of the individual, career- oriented training.
SIMACHEVA A.I. Simacheva A.I. – Educational Psychologist of the Municipal budget educational institution of additional education of children «Center for Continuing Education of Children “Perspective”», Zelenogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
CONFIDENCE AND TRUST OF ADOLESCENTS WITH EXPRESSION EXCESS ACTIVITY IN COGNITIVE AND SOCIAL SPHERES OF LIFE
Страницы / Pages: 61-71
Аннотация / Annotation:
Presented study materials of phenomena confidence and trust in adolescents with expression excess activity in cognitive and social spheres of life, and their “normal” peers. The results of diagnosis of cognitive, emotional and behavioral components of self-confidence and trust in the social world of adolescents who have the potential of intellectual and social giftedness, and “normal” adolescents who do not show excess activity. Offers the possibility of introducing training programs to expand the boundaries of trust among adolescents in additional education system.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
confidence, trust to the world, excess intellectual and social activity, giftedness, psychological support.
PSYCHOLOGY OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONАннотация / Annotation:
Presented study materials of phenomena confidence and trust in adolescents with expression excess activity in cognitive and social spheres of life, and their “normal” peers. The results of diagnosis of cognitive, emotional and behavioral components of self-confidence and trust in the social world of adolescents who have the potential of intellectual and social giftedness, and “normal” adolescents who do not show excess activity. Offers the possibility of introducing training programs to expand the boundaries of trust among adolescents in additional education system.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
confidence, trust to the world, excess intellectual and social activity, giftedness, psychological support.
PAKHMUTOVA M.A. Pakhmutova M.A. – PhD student department of developmental psychology and education Institute of Pedagogics and Psychology Mari State University
The individual styles of research activities of modern students
Страницы / Pages: 72-81
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article is devoted to study the characteristics of students’ research activity at different grade levels. The study revealed styles of student’s research activities, as well as significant differences in the level of interest and independence of students in research.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
research activities, individual style of activity, learning style, independence, chi-square test.
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article is devoted to study the characteristics of students’ research activity at different grade levels. The study revealed styles of student’s research activities, as well as significant differences in the level of interest and independence of students in research.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
research activities, individual style of activity, learning style, independence, chi-square test.
MARTIROSYAN K.V. Martirosyan K.V. – graduate student of the Department of Psychology, «Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. Volgograd branch» Volgograd, Russia
CULTURAL PROVOCATION AS PSYCHO-PEDAGOGICAL METHODS IN TEACHING ETHNOPSYCHOLOGY IN BI ETHNIC GROUPS
Страницы / Pages: 82-97
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article discusses the methodological approach to design interactive forms of education of ethnopsychology in university preparation students of psychology, based on the technique of cultural provocation. Technique is a variant of sign-symbolic mediation used in the instrumental method proposed by L.S. Vygotsky. Describes the use of cultural provocation to work with bi etnic student groups, including Russian students and representatives of the Armenian diaspora. The description of the methods on drawing up collages, presenting personal history and the history of the ethnic group. Shows the typology of the results. The place of methodological technique in themed lessons on ethnopsychology.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
competence approach, ethnopsychology, methodology, technique, technique cultural provocation, chronotope, historical context, ethnopsychological context, Russian, Armenian, tolerance.
PSYCHOLOGY OF PEDAGOGIC ACTIVITYАннотация / Annotation:
The article discusses the methodological approach to design interactive forms of education of ethnopsychology in university preparation students of psychology, based on the technique of cultural provocation. Technique is a variant of sign-symbolic mediation used in the instrumental method proposed by L.S. Vygotsky. Describes the use of cultural provocation to work with bi etnic student groups, including Russian students and representatives of the Armenian diaspora. The description of the methods on drawing up collages, presenting personal history and the history of the ethnic group. Shows the typology of the results. The place of methodological technique in themed lessons on ethnopsychology.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
competence approach, ethnopsychology, methodology, technique, technique cultural provocation, chronotope, historical context, ethnopsychological context, Russian, Armenian, tolerance.
NEMIROVSKAIA N.G. Nemirovskaia N.G. – Postgraduate student of the Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
The Views of V. N. Druzhinin on issues of intelligence, abilities and psychology of learning (to the 60th birthday of V.N. Druzhinin)
Страницы / Pages: 98-104
Аннотация / Annotation:
This article is devoted to the analysis of psychological views of V. N. Druzhinin on topical theoretical issues of intelligence, abilities and psychology of learning. The model of «the intellectual range» is considered. It describes a number of empirical relationships and facts, as well as it predicts new effects in the course of formation of mental abilities. This model allows us to explain the relationship of intelligence and productivity activities. It shows them from the point of view of existence for each specific activity of the «bottom» and «top» thresholds of intelligence.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
psychometrics, intellectual abilities, intellectual range, test, psychology of learning.
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATIONАннотация / Annotation:
This article is devoted to the analysis of psychological views of V. N. Druzhinin on topical theoretical issues of intelligence, abilities and psychology of learning. The model of «the intellectual range» is considered. It describes a number of empirical relationships and facts, as well as it predicts new effects in the course of formation of mental abilities. This model allows us to explain the relationship of intelligence and productivity activities. It shows them from the point of view of existence for each specific activity of the «bottom» and «top» thresholds of intelligence.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
psychometrics, intellectual abilities, intellectual range, test, psychology of learning.
DUBROVINA D.A. Dubrovina D.A. – рost-graduate Student of the Department of Psychology of Education Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education «Ural State Pedagogical University», (Ekaterinburg)
Verbal aggression as a sign of social and psychological disadaptation of younger adolescents
Страницы / Pages: 105-111
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article considers the problem of verbal aggression, which is a sign of social and psychological disadaptation of younger adolescents and analyzed the results of an empirical research of verbal aggression and disadaptation.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
adaptation, aggressive behavior, verbal aggression, disadaptation, younger adolescents, anxiety, self assessment, stress, frustration, school motivation.
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article considers the problem of verbal aggression, which is a sign of social and psychological disadaptation of younger adolescents and analyzed the results of an empirical research of verbal aggression and disadaptation.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
adaptation, aggressive behavior, verbal aggression, disadaptation, younger adolescents, anxiety, self assessment, stress, frustration, school motivation.
SHUHLOVA JU.A. Shuhlova Ju.A. – graduate student of the Faculty of Psychology National Research Tomsk State University
PANTELEYEV A.E. Panteleyev A.E. – students of the Faculty of Psychology
SHEKETERA A.A. Sheketera A.A. – graduate student of the Faculty of Psychology
Psychological safety as a criterion acmeological health of representatives of youth subcultures
Страницы / Pages: 112-120
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article presents analysis of personal characteristics of representatives of youth subcultures in the context of problems of psychological safety and acmeological health of a person. It also discusses the results of an empirical study of parameters of psychological safety, as well as criteria of psychological well-being and resilience as indicators of acmeological health in «emo», «roleplayers» and «anime» groups in comparison with the control group of students.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
acmeological health, parameters of psychological safety, basic beliefs, resilience, psychological well-being.
APPLIED ASPECTS OF PEDAGOGIC PSYCHOLOGYАннотация / Annotation:
The article presents analysis of personal characteristics of representatives of youth subcultures in the context of problems of psychological safety and acmeological health of a person. It also discusses the results of an empirical study of parameters of psychological safety, as well as criteria of psychological well-being and resilience as indicators of acmeological health in «emo», «roleplayers» and «anime» groups in comparison with the control group of students.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
acmeological health, parameters of psychological safety, basic beliefs, resilience, psychological well-being.
VOLKOVA O.V. Volkova O.V. – Candidate of Psychology, associate professor, the department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy of The State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education «Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky» of Health Ministry of the Russian Federation, olesyavl.volkova@mail.ru
The methodological principles of medical-psychological-pedagogical correction of learnt helplessness among children having weak somatic health
Страницы / Pages: 121-132
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article is devoted to the analysis of the methodological principles which contents is the significant basis in development of the special program directed on prevention and correction of the learned helplessness of the children having the weakened somatic health in the course of ontogenetic development. The following approaches are presented as the methodological bases of the research: cultural and historical approach in psychology; system approach; psychosomatic approach; basic ideas of approach of social situation of development and zone of the nearest development; provisions of theories about regulatory function of mentality; theoretical ideas of the fixed forms of family behavior; modern ideas of phenomena of an internal picture of an illness and internal picture of health; basic provisions of “psychological anthropology”; basic provisions of the semantic theory of thinking; theory of stage-by-stage formation of intellectual actions.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
the learned helplessness, the somatic status, ontogenetic development, correction, methodological principles.
Аннотация / Annotation:
The article is devoted to the analysis of the methodological principles which contents is the significant basis in development of the special program directed on prevention and correction of the learned helplessness of the children having the weakened somatic health in the course of ontogenetic development. The following approaches are presented as the methodological bases of the research: cultural and historical approach in psychology; system approach; psychosomatic approach; basic ideas of approach of social situation of development and zone of the nearest development; provisions of theories about regulatory function of mentality; theoretical ideas of the fixed forms of family behavior; modern ideas of phenomena of an internal picture of an illness and internal picture of health; basic provisions of “psychological anthropology”; basic provisions of the semantic theory of thinking; theory of stage-by-stage formation of intellectual actions.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
the learned helplessness, the somatic status, ontogenetic development, correction, methodological principles.
SMIRNOV A.A. Smirnov A.A. – the candidate of psychological sciences, associate professor of pedagogical psychology and pedagogics P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University
IURKINA M.S. Iurkina M.S. – post-graduate student the Department of Psychology, the chair of pedagogics and pedagogical psychology P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University
Development and testing of training as a means of preventing disadaptation of nonresident students to university
Страницы / Pages: 133-147
Аннотация / Annotation:
This article is devoted to problems adaptation of students to the university. In particular, we studied the issues of mutual influence of student’s residence before entering the university and the specificity of social, didactic and professional adaptation of freshmen. On the basis of the empirical data the program of psychological adaptation of nonresident students has been developed and tested. Purpose of which is to develop knowledge and skills that promote the adaptation. This program was psychometric testing and at a statistically significant level is an effective means to improve the social, didactic and professional adaptation at nonresident freshmen. The results of this work may be used by university psychological services for improving the overall level of student’s adaptation at the university.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
social adaptation of students to university; didactic adaptation of students to the university; professional adaptation of students to university; desadaptation.
Аннотация / Annotation:
This article is devoted to problems adaptation of students to the university. In particular, we studied the issues of mutual influence of student’s residence before entering the university and the specificity of social, didactic and professional adaptation of freshmen. On the basis of the empirical data the program of psychological adaptation of nonresident students has been developed and tested. Purpose of which is to develop knowledge and skills that promote the adaptation. This program was psychometric testing and at a statistically significant level is an effective means to improve the social, didactic and professional adaptation at nonresident freshmen. The results of this work may be used by university psychological services for improving the overall level of student’s adaptation at the university.
Ключевые слова / Keywords:
social adaptation of students to university; didactic adaptation of students to the university; professional adaptation of students to university; desadaptation.